Lithops Reference

Lithops Species Lists

Nel Species List (1946)
Schwantes Species List (1957)
Sprechman Species List (1970)
Cole Species List (2005)
Cole Locality Data (2005)
Alphabetical Index of Lithops
Chronological List of Lithops

Botanical Archives

The Bolus Herbarium (Cape Town) - Lithops Illustrations

Lithops History

William Burchell's Lithops

Lithops Conservation

The Lithops Research & Conservation Foundation

Societies & Clubs

Cactus & Co
The Mesemb Study Group
The South African Succulent Society
The Botanical Society of South Africa

Websites of Interest

Ivan Boldyrev's Mesemb Website
Keith Green's Lithops Scrapbook
Rafael Matysiuk's Lithops Website
Wild Lithops

Plant, Seed & Book Suppliers

Francois Hoes - Belgium - Seeds and plants.
MESA Gardens - New Mexico - Seeds and plants.
Kambroo Plants - Gauteng, South Africa - Plants.
Silverhill Seeds - Cape Town, South Africa - Seeds and books.
Rainbow Gardens Bookshop - Arizona, USA - Books.

Online Discussion Forums

Conophytum, Lithops & Mesembs - Facebook Group

Books

Marloth, R. 1929. Stone Shaped Plants. Reprint from the Journal of the South African Biological Society, Vol. VI.
Brown, N.E., Tischer, Arthur & Karsten, M.C. 1931. Mesembryanthema. L. Reeve, Ashford. 323pp. Contents.
Nel, G.C. 1946. Lithops. University Press, Stellenbosch. 178pp. Contents.
Schwantes, G. 1954. The cultivation of Mesembryanthemaceae. Blandford Press. 88pp. Contents.
Schwantes, G. 1957. Flowering stones and midday flowers. Ernest Benn, London. 420pp. Contents.
Sprechman, David L. 1970. Lithops. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,UK. 114pp. Contents.
Herre, H. 1971. The Genera of the Mesembryanthemaceae. Tahfelberg-Uitgewers Beperk. 316pp. Contents.
Fearn, Brian. 1981. Lithops. British Cactus and Succulent Society. 69pp. Contents.
Jacobsen, H. 1986. A Handbook of Succulent Plants. Volumes I-III. Blandford, Poole, Dorset. 1380pp.
Storms, E. 1986. The new Growing the Mesembs. Ed Storms Inc. 58pp. Contents.
Rowley, Gordon. 1997. A history of succulent plants. Strawberry Press. 409pp. Contents.
Smith, G.F. etc. 1998. Mesembs of the world. Briza Publications. 405pp. Contents.
Hammer, S.A. 1999. Lithops - Treasures of the veld. British Cactus and Succulent Society. 148pp. Contents.
Court, Doreen. 2000. Succulent Flora of Southern Africa (Revised edition). A.A. Balkema Publications, Netherlands. 300pp. Contents.
Cole, Desmond T. & Naureen A. 2005. Lithops: Flowering stones. Cactus & Co. 368pp. Contents.
Heine, Rudolf. 1986. Lithops - lebende Steine. Neumann Verlag. 176pp. Contents.
Cole, Desmond T. 1988. Lithops: Flowering stones. Acorn Books, Randburg. 254pp. Contents.
Hartmann, H.E.K. (Ed.) 2000. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae A-E. Springer. 286pp.
Hartmann, H.E.K. (Ed.) 2000. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae F-Z. Springer. 371pp.
Schlösser, Bernd. 2000. Lithops - Lebende Steine. BussinessPoint Media. 126pp. Contents.
Shimada, Yasuhiko. 2001. The Genus Lithops. Dobun Shoin. 240pp. Contents.

Historical Figures

Kurt Dinter
William John Burchell

Journals

Cactus & Co
Aloe - The South African Succulent Society
The Mesemb Study Group Bulletin
Veld & Flora - The Botanical Society of South Africa

List of Illustrations	ix
Editor's Preface	xxi
Foreword	1
Notes on the Cultivation of Mesembryanthema	1
General Ecology	37
Descriptions	101
Glossary	301
Bibliography	307
Index of Species	315

Preface	1
Introduction	3
Voorwoord	27
Inleiding	30
1. Lithops Aucampiae	50
2. Lithops Bella	54
3. Lithops Brevis	57
4. Lithops Bromfieldii	59
5. Lithops Chrysocephala	61
6. Lithops Comptonii	64
7. Lithops Dendritica	66
8. Lithops Dinteri	68
9. Lithops Divergens	71
10. Lithops Dorotheae	73
11. Lithops Eberlanzii	75
12. Lithops Erniana	77
13. Lithops Franciscii	78
14. Lithops Fulleri	81
15. Lithops Fulviceps	83
16. Lithops Geyeri	85
17. Lithops Gracilidelineata	86
18. Lithops Gulielmi	88
19. Lithops Helmuti	90
20. Lithops Herrei	92
21. Lithops Inae	94
22. Lithops Insularis	97
23. Lithops Julii	99
24. Lithops Karasmontana	102
25. Lithops Kuibisensis	105
26. Lithops Kunjasensis	106
27. Lithops Lesliei	107
28. Lithops Lineata	111
29 Lithops Marginata	112
30. Lithops Marmorata	113
31. Lithops Marthae	115
32. Lithops Mennellii	118
33. Lithops Meyeri	120
34. Lithops Nelii	121
35. Lithops Olivacea	122
36. Lithops Optica	125
37. Lithops Otzeniana	128
38. Lithops Pseudotruncatella	131
39. Lithops Ruschiorum	134
40. Lithops Salicola	138
41. Lithops Schwantesii	140
42. Lithops Terricolor	142
43. Lithops Triebneri	147
44. Lithops Turbiniformis	150
45. Lithops Urikosensis	153
46. Lithops Vallis-Mariae	154
47. Lithops van Zylii	156
48. Lithops Venteri	157
49. Lithops Verruculosa	160
50. Lithops Weberi	162

List of Illustrations	VI
Preface	IX
Introduction	1
Feeding	15
Propagation	31
Special Management of some genera and species	38
Description of genera	40
Index	84

	Foreword	vii
	Acknowledgements	viii
	In Grateful Recollection	xvii
I	Town Life and the Wonders of the Desert	1
II	Mesembryanthemaceae: Sub-Family Aptenioideae	5
III	Summary of the Sub-Family Aptenioideae	33
IV	Mesembryanthemaceae: Sub-Family Ruschioideae	36
V	Summary of the Sub-Family Ruschioideae	334
VI	The Enigma of the Capsule	343
VII	Mimicry an Hypothesis	366
VIII	To the Limits of Knowledge and Beyond	370
IX	Recapitulation of the Cultivation of the Mesembryanthemaceae	383
	Index to the Generic Names	414
	Index to Lithops Species	416
	Index to Conophytum Species	418

	Foreword
1	Lithops: Their Structure and Growth Cycle by Professor Chester B. Dugdale	15
2	Lithops in Habitat by Professor Desmond T. Cole	21
3	An Analytical Key by Dr. H.W. de Boer	33
	Bibliography	47
	List of Plates	49
	Index of Species	53
	Plates	59

	Preface by Prof. Dr P.G. Jordaan
	PART ONE
I	The Classification of the Mesembryanthemaceae by Prof. Dr G. Schwantes	3
II	Key to the Genera of the Mesembryanthemaceae by H.M.L. Bolus	7
III	Key to the Genera of the Mesembryanthemaceae by H. Herre and Prof. Dr O.H. Volk	15
IV	On the Delimitation and the Taxonomic Rank of the Mesembryanthemaceae by Prof. Dr H.-D. Ihlenfeldt and Prof. Dr H. Straka	25
V	Some Aspects of the Biology of Dissemination of the Mesembryanthemaceae by Prof. Dr H.-D. Ihlenfeldt	28
VI	On the Interest of Seedlings and the Epidermis of the Mesembryanthemaceae by Dr S. Dupont	35
VII	Poisonous Mesembryanthemaceae by H. Herre	37
VIII	The History of the Discovery and Botanical Introduction of the Mesembryanthemaceae, with appropriate Biographical Notes	38
	PART TWO
	Descriptions of the Genera of the Mesembryanthemaceae	62
	Bibliography	312
	Glossary	314
	Index to Descriptions of the Genera of the Mesembryanthemaceae	316

Habitat Information	1
Soil	5
Potting	6
Watering	8
Light, Temperature, and Humidity	10
Diseases and Pests	12
Seed Germination	13
Cuttings	15
The Plants	16
Suggested Reading	57

1.	Why Succulents?
2.	Prehistory
3.	Classical Era - The Dawn of Science
4.	The Garden & the Glasshouse
5.	Middle Ages
6.	Herbals - from Gerard to Ray
7.	The Age of Richard Bradley - A Disincornufistibilated Servant of Botany
8.	Linnaeus - A Place for Everything, and Everything in its Place
9.	The Linnaean Legacy
10.	Travels and Introductions
11.	The Age of Haworth
12.	The Microscope and what it revealed
13.	The First Cactus Cornucopia
14.	Literature on Succulents - (1) Text
15.	Literature on Succulents - (2) Pictures
16.	Charles Darwin and the Four Dimensions
17.	Brown, Schumann, Berger and Poellnitz
18.	Engelmann, Blanc, Britton and Rose
19.	Succulents after Britton and Rose
20.	Amateur Societies and Journals
21.	Aesthetics - Succulents as Objets d'Art?
22.	From Mesembryanthemum to Mesembryanthemaceae
23.	The Twentieth Century in Epitome
24.	Succulentist Biofile

Acknowledgements	6
Introduction	7
Magic of Mesembs	8
Distribution and Ecology	10
Conservation by Craig Hilton-Taylor	12
Uses of Mesembs	14
Cultivation	16
How to Identify the Mesemb Groups	20
Guide to the Groups	24
Genera of Mesembs
Group 1. Weedy Mesembs	27
Group 2. Flat-Leaved Mesembs	57
Group 3. Flowering Stones	81
Group 4. Tongue-Leaved Mesembs	133
Group 5. Rough-Leaved Mesembs	155
Group 6. Tooth-Leaved Mesembs	177
Group 7. Tufted Mesembs	201
Group 8. Bead-Leaved Mesembs	233
Group 9. Mat-Forming Mesembs	245
Group 10. Dwarf Shrubby Mesembs	275
Group 11. Glittering Shrubby Mesembs	291
Group 12. Lampranthus-Like Shrubby Mesembs	315
Group 13. Ruschia-Like Shrubby Mesembs	345
Group 14. Leipoldtia-Like Shrubby Mesembs	369
Further Reading	380
Key to Genera	381
Index	395

Maps of Southern Africa	VI-IX
Preface	X
Acknowledgements	XI
Illustration Credits	XII
1 MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE - Veld vygies or fig marigolds	1
2 PORTULACACEAE - Anacampseros and related genera	45
3 CRASSULACEAE - Crassula and related genera	53
4 EUPHORBIACEAE - Euphorbia and related genera	109
5 APOCYNACEAE & PASSIFLORACEAE - Pachypodous plants	153
6 STAPELIEAE	159
7 ALOACEAE - Aloe	213
8 ALOACEAE - Five minor genera	262
GLOSSARY	282
INDEX	285

Vorwort		7
Was sind Lithops		8
Die Heimat der Lithops		16
Eignen sich Lithops für Sukkulentensammlungen?		20
Kultur und Vermehrung der Lithops		24
	Gewächshauskultur	24
	Fensterbankkultur	25
	Anzucht aus Samen	25
	Vegetative Vermehrung	31
	Importpflanzen	31
	Erde	32
	Licht und Luft	32
	Wässern	33
Überwinterung	35
	Düngung	36
	Pflanzgefäße	36
	Schädlinge und Krankheiten	37
Zur Geschichte der Gattung Lithops N.E. BR.		39
Erklärung wichtiger Fachbegriffe		42
	Erklärung der bei der Beschreibung der Arten verwendeten Fachbegriffe	42
	Erklärung der im Text vorkommenden Fachbegriffe	42
	Erklärung der taxonomischen Einheiten	43
	Bestimmungsschlüssel		44
	Schlüssel der Arten der Gattung Lithops N.E. BR. von H.W. DE BOER und B.K. BOOM	45
	Schlüssel zu den Arten der Gattung Lithops N.E. BR. nach B. FEARN	59
	Schlüssel für die Gattung Lithops N.E. BR.	62
Beschreibung der Arten		115
Zusammenstellung der wichtigsten Sukkulentenzeitschriften		167
Autoren von Sukkulentenliteratur		168
Literaturverzeichnis		171
Register		176

List of figures		ix
Foreword by Gordon D. Rowley, President: British Cactus and Succulent Society		1
1	Introduction	3
	Preamble	3
	How it all began	7
	Acknowledgements	8
	Abbreviations, terms, symbols and measures	10
2	Morphology and Annual Cycle	13
	General features	13
	Annual cycle	13
	Size of plant	14
	Age of Lithops plant	15
	Shape of plant	16
	Upper profile	16
	Facial shape	17
	Fissure and cleft	17
	Facial features	19
	Facial features	19
	Tanniniferous idioblasts	20
	Flowers	21
	Seed Capsules	22
	The miracle of the seed capsule	24
	Seeds and seed structure	24
3	Names and Nomenclature	27
	Vernacular names	27
	Scientific (Latin) and authors' names	27
	Origins of scientific names	30
	Authors of Lithops taxa	31
4	Classification	33
	Past traditions	33
	Proposed perspectives	35
	Application of criteria	37
	Future researches	38
	The Problem of *Lithops turbiniformis	38
	The Problem of *Lithops localis	41
	The Problem of Lithops steineckeana	43
	The Problem of the Ywc group	44
Map 1	Distribution of Lithops N.E. Brown	46
5	Lithops in Habitat	47
	Distribution	47
	Specific and overlapping ranges	48
	Size and density of colonies	49
	Habitats	50
	Variation in Lithops	51
	Mimicry	53
	Colour photographs of Lithops in habitat	55
	Evolutionary convergence	63
	Dispersal mechanisms	64
	Pollinators	65
	Predators	65
	Hybrids, artificial and natural	69
	Natural freaks and curiositie	71
5	Lithops in Cultivation	73
	General culture	73
	Soil mixes	73
	Watering	74
	Pests and diseases	74
	Growing Lithops from seed	75
	Transplanting	78
	Flowers and flowering times	79
	Abnormalities and aberrations	80
	Colour-aberrant cultivars	83
7	Descriptive Settings	86
	Terminology	86
	The illustrations	91
	Distribution maps	92
Map 2	Northern and central SWA/Namibia	93
Map 3	Southern SWA/Namibia, NW Cape	95
Map 4	Central and northern Cape	96
Map 5	NE Cape, OFS and Transvaal	97
Map 6	SW and S Cape	98
Description of the Taxa		99
Lithops aucampiae		101
	subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae	101
	cv. Betty's Beryl	101
	cv. Storms's Snowcap	102
	var. koelemanii	102
	subsp. euniceae var. eunicea	103
	var. fluminalis	104
Lithops bromfieldii		105
	var. bromfieldii	105
	var. glaudinae	106
	var. insularis	107
	cv. Sulphurea	108
	var. mennellii	108
Lithops comptonii		110
	var. comptonii	110
	var. weberi	111
Lithops dinteri		112
	subsp. dinteri var. dinteri	112
	cv. Dintergreen	113
	var. brevis	113
	subsp. frederici	114
	subsp. multipunctata	115
Lithops divergens		117
	var. divergens	117
	var. amethystina	118
Lithops dorotheae		119
Lithops francisci		120
Lithops fulviceps		121
	var. fulviceps	121
	cv. Aurea	122
	var. lactinea	123
Lithops gesineae		124
	var. gesineae	124
	var. annae	125
Lithops geyeri		126
Lithops gracilidelineata		128
	subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata	128
	cv. Ernst's Witkop	129
	var. waldroniae	130
	cv. Fritz's White Lady	130
	subsp. brandbergensis	131
Lithops hallii		132
	var. hallii	132
	var. ochracea	133
	cv. Green Soapstone	134
Lithops helmutii		135
Lithops herrei		136
Lithops hookeri		138
	var. hookeri	138
	var. dabneri	139
	var. elephina	140
	var. lutea	141
	var. marginata	142
	var. subfenestrata	144
	var. susannae	145
Lithops julii		146
	subsp. julii	146
	cv. Peppermint Crème	148
	subsp. fulleri	148
	var. fulleri	148
	cv. Fullergreen	150
	var. brunnea	150
	var. rouxii	151
Lithops karasmontana		152
	subsp. karasmontana	152
	var. karasmontana	152
	var. aiaisensis	154
	var. lericheana	155
	var. tischeri	156
	subsp. bella	157
	subsp. eberlanzii	158
	cv. Avocado Cream	160
Lithops lesliei		161
	subsp. lesliei	161
	var. lesliei	161
	cv. Albiflora	163
	cv. Albinica	163
	cv. Storms's Albinigold	163
	var. hornii	163
	cv. Greenhorn	164
	var. mariae	165
	var. minor	166
	cv. Witblom	166
	var. rubrobrunnea	167
	var. venteri	167
	subsp. burchellii	168
Lithops marmorata		170
	var. marmorata	170
	var. elisae	171
Lithops meyeri		172
	cv. Hammeruby	173
Lithops naureeniae		174
Lithops olivacea		175
	var. olivacea	175
	var. nebrownii	176
Lithops optica		177
	cv. Rubra	178
Lithops otzeniana		179
	cv. Aquamarine	180
Lithops pseudotruncatella		181
	subsp. pseudotruncatella	181
	var. pseudotruncatella	181
	cv. Albiflora	182
	var. elisabethiae	183
	var. riehmerae	183
	subsp. archerae	185
	subsp. dendritica	186
	subsp. groendrayensis	187
	subsp. volkii	188
Lithops ruschiorum		189
	var. ruschiorum	189
	var. lineata	190
Lithops salicola		192
	cv. Malachite	193
Lithops schwantesii		194
	subsp. schwantesii var. schwantesii	194
	var. marthae	195
	var. rugosa	196
	var. urikosensis	197
	subsp. gebseri	198
Lithops steineckeana		200
Lithops terricolor		201
	cv. Silver Spurs	202
	cv. Speckled Gold	203
Lithops vallis-mariae		203
Lithops verruculosa		205
	var. verruculosa	205
	var. glabra	206
Lithops villetii		207
	subsp. villetii	207
	subsp. deboeri	208
	subsp. kennedyi	209
Lithops viridis		211
Lithops werneri		212
Taxonomic Index		215
Bibliography and References		235
General Index		241
List of Subscribers		247

Vorwort	9
Kurz-Pflegeanleitung als "Erste Hilfe"	11
Pflanzengestalt und Lebensraum	13
Hauptverbreitungsgebiete	19
Pflanzsubstrat und Düngung	20
Umpflanzen	22
Licht, Luft und Wärme	24
Bewässerung	25
Überwinterung	27
Schädlinge und Krankheiten	29
Abweichungen vom Normalen	33
Auswahl der Pflanzen für eigene Sammlung	35
Mythos Lithops steineckeana	38
Anzucht aus Samen	40
Stecklingsvermehrung	45
Kleiner Exkurs in die Nomenklatur	48
Angabe zu empfehlenswerter Fachliteratur und Fachhandel	50
Wohin die Reise geht	53
Zum guten Schluss	55
Feldnummernliste	56
Stichwortverzeichnis	70
Das "Familienalbum": Die Fotosammlung	76
Bildtafeln (sortiert nach Bildnummer)	77
Bildtafeln (sortiert nach Namen)	81

Foreword - Professor Desmond T. Cole		ii
Preface		v
1	Introduction	1
1-1	Genus of Lithops	2
1-2	Discovery of Lithops	3
1-3	Entry to Japan	14
1-4	Habitat and Environment	15
1-5	Predators	49
1-6	Classification and Description	53
1-7	Morphology	55
1-8	Seed Capsules	57
1-9	Description and Names of Inner Leavese	60
1-10	Stones in Habitat	61
1-11	Annual Cycle	64
1-12	Cultivation	66
1-13	Propagation	69
2	Description of the Taxa	79
2 - 1	Lithops aucampiae	80
	1) subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae	80
	2) "Betty's Beryl"	82
	3) "Jackson's Jade"	82
	4) "Storms's Snowcap"	82
	5) var. koelemanii	83
	6) subsp. euniceae var. euniceae	83
	7) var. fluminalis	84
2 - 2	Lithops bromfieldii	86
	1) var. bromfieldii	86
	2) var. glaudinae	87
	3) var. insularis	88
	4) "Sulphurea"	89
	5) var. mennellii	89
2 - 3	Lithops coleorum	90
2 - 4	Lithops comptonii	91
	1) var. comptonii	91
	2) var. weberi	91
2 - 5	Lithops dinteri	93
	1) subsp. dinteri var. dinteri	93
	2) "Dintergreen"	94
	3) var. brevis	94
	4) subsp. frederici	94
	5) subsp. multipunctata	95
2 - 6	Lithops divergens	96
	1) var. divergens	96
	2) var. amethystina	96
2 - 7	Lithops dorotheae	98
2 - 8	Lithops francisci	100
2 - 9	Lithops fulviceps	101
	1) var. fulviceps	101
	2) "Aurea"	102
	3) var. lactinea	103
2 - 10	Lithops gesineae	104
	1) var. gesineae	104
	2) var. annae	105
2 - 11	Lithops geyeri	106
2 - 12	Lithops gracilidelineata	107
	1) subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata	107
	2) "Café au Lait"	108
	3) "Ernst's Witkop"	109
	4) var. waldroniae	109
	5) "Fritz's white Lady"	110
	6) subsp. brandbergensis	110
2 - 13	Lithops hallii	111
	1) var. hallii	111
	2) var. ochracea	113
	3) "Green Soapstone"	113
2 - 14	Lithops helmutii	114
2 - 15	Lithops herrei	115
2 - 16	Lithops hookeri	117
	1) var. hookeri	117
	2) var. dabneri	119
	3) var. elephina	120
	4) var. lutea	121
	5) var. marginata	121
	6) "Shimada's Apricot"	122
	7) var. subfenestrata	122
	8) var. susannae	123
2 - 17	Lithops julii	125
	1) subsp. julii	125
	2) "Peppermint Crème"	127
2 - 18	Lithops julii subsp. fulleri	128
	1) var. fulleri	128
	2) "Fullergreen"	130
	3) var. brunnea	130
	4) var. rouxii	131
2 - 19	Lithops karasmontana	132
	1) subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana	132
	2) var. aiaisensis	135
	3) var. lericheana	136
	4) var. tischeri	136
	5) subsp. bella	136
	6) subsp. eberlanzii	137
	7) "Avocado Cream"	138
2 - 20	Lithops lesliei	139
	1) subsp. lesliei var. lesliei	139
	2) "Albiflora"	143
	3) "Albinica"	143
	4) "Storms's Albinigold"	143
	5) var. hornii	144
	6) "Greenhorn"	144
	7) var. mariae	144
	8) var. minor	145
	9) "Witblom"	146
	10) var. rubrobrunnea	146
	11) var. venteri	147
	12) subsp. burchelli	147
2 - 21	Lithops marmorata	149
	1) var. marmorata	149
	2) "Polepský Smaragd"	150
	3) var. eliseae	150
1 - 22	Lithops meyeri	152
	1) L. meyeri	152
	2) "Hammeruby"	152
2 - 23	Lithops naureeniae	154
2 - 24	Lithops olivacea	155
	1) var. olivaceae	155
	2) var. nebrownii	156
	3) "Red Olive"	156
2 - 25	Lithops optica	157
	1) L. optica	157
	2) "Rubra"	158
	3) "Rubra Yellow Flower form"	158
2 - 26	Lithops otzeniana	159
	1) L. otzeniana	159
	2) "Aquamarine"	160
2 - 27	Lithops pseudotruncatella	162
	1) subsp. pseudotruncatella var. pseudotruncatella	162
	2) "Albiflora"	163
	3) var. elisabethiae	164
	4) var. riehmerae	164
	5) subsp. archerae	165
	6) subsp. dendritica	165
	7) subsp. groendrayensis	166
	8) subsp. volkii	167
2 - 28	Lithops ruschiorum	169
	1) var. ruschioru	169
	2) var. lineata	170
2 - 29	Lithops salicola	171
	1) Lithops salicola	171
	2) "Malachite"	172
	3) "Sato's Violet" = "Bacchus"	172
2 - 30	Lithops schwantesii	174
	1) subsp. schwantesii var. schwantesii	174
	2) var. marthae	176
	3) var. rugosa	176
	4) var. urikosensis	177
	5) subsp. gebseri	178
2 - 31	Lithops steineckeana	179
2 - 32	Lithops terricolor	180
	1) Lithops terricolor	180
	2) "Silver Spurs"	181
	3) "Speckled Gold"	181
2 - 33	Lithops vallis-mariae	183
2 - 34	Lithops verruculosa	185
	1) var. verruculosa	185
	2) var. glabra	186
	3) "Rose of Texas"	187
2 - 35	Lithops villetii	188
	1) subsp. villetii	188
	2) subsp. deboeri	189
	3) subsp. kennedyi	190
2 - 36	Lithops viridis	191
2 - 37	Lithops werneri	192
Japanese Name versus Scientific Name Chart		193
Sctientific Name versus Japanese Name Chart		202
References		217
Postscript		219
Index		220

Foreword	5
Introduction	6
Acknowledgements	6
Mammon and Enthusiasm, Entwined: A little History	7
Coles to Newcastle and Other Colonialists	10
Whittling Down Data	10
Lithops at Home	11
Map Rap	12
A Type Locality Map	20
Hide and Seek	22
Dry as a Stone?	23
Collection, Conservation, and Discovery	26
The Bad Seed?	26
Colour Visions and Thoroughbreds	27
Growing Lithops	28
Light in August	31
Truth in Packaging	31
Pollination, Patience, and the Fuller Fuller Brush-Man	33
Seed-Raising and Racing	34
Ease and Disease	35
Transmantled Beauties	36
Lithops and Their Lineage	37
Taxing Taxonomy, or, Order in the Hort	38
Descriptions and Proscriptions	42
A Note on the Photographs	45
Terms and Endearments	45
Author (Author)	47
The Species	48
Appendix 1 - Mysteries and Fantasies of the Lithosphere	115
Appendix 2 - Agony Column, or, Ask Mabel	116
Appendix 3 - The Brief Case of L. halenbergensis Tischer	118
Appendix 4.1 - A Bare Bones Species List	119
Appendix 4.2 - A Pruned Synonymy	120
Appendix 4.3 - A Chronology	123
Appendix 5 - N.E. Brown's Lithops Collection	125
Appendix 6 - Dr. Geyer's 1951 lecture	126
Appendix 7 - Notes on Two New Cultivars	132
Appendix 8 - Seed Size in Lithops by Jonathan Y. Clark	135
Bibliography and References	141
Index	143